Vil forholdet mellem privat og offentlig virksomhed i fremtiden blive en form for “kapitalisme 4.0” ?

I bogen “Capitalism 4.0 : the birth of a new economy in the aftermath of crisis” af Anatole Kaletsky (2010) reflekteres der over forholdet mellem start og marked efter den store økonomiske krise som kulminerede i 2008. Disse overvejelser  er også relevante i forhold til uddannelser, livslang læring og uddannelsesreformer. Her er et overblik over forfatterens tænkning:

Den dominerende ideologi fra 1980'erne til krisen 2007-09 antog, at markederne altid var rigtige, og regeringerne næsten altid var forkerte. 

Kapitalismens tidligere fase, fra 1930'erne til 1970'erne, antog, at regeringerne altid var rigtige og markeder næsten altid forkerte. 

Det mest karakteristiske træk ved kapitalismens næste æra vil være en erkendelse af, at regeringer og markeder begge kan være forkerte, og at deres fejl måske nogle gange kan være fatale, og derfor bliver eksperimentering og pragmatisme centralt i fremtiden.

Hans grundantagelse er, at den skiftende relation mellem statslig og privat virksomhed er det vigtigste forhold.

Spørgsmålet er om denne relation også bliver det vigtigste forhold overalt? Det gælder allerede i USA i dag.

Se link til et referat af bogen nederst. Her er nogle centrale afsnit:

“First up in our Capitalist Futures series is a book called Capitalism 4.0 by Anatole Kaletsky, published by Bloomsbury in 2010.Kaletsky is ‘Editor-at-Large’ at the Times and has also worked for The Economist and The Financial Times. 

Capitalism 4.0 places the economic meltdown of 2008 in the context of a series of upheavals that have sporadically characterised the evolution of capitalism, which Kaletsky sees as ‘an adaptive social system’.  Earlier phases of capitalism are identified as:

Capitalism 1.0: a period of relative stability that ran up to the First World War, the Russian Revolution and Great Depression in the US: ‘These unprecedented political and economic traumas destroyed the classic laissez-faire capitalism of the nineteenth century and created a different version of the capitalist system.’

Capitalism 2.0 is typified by Roosevelt’s New Deal, Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, and the rise of the British and European Welfare states, which prevailed for some forty years.

Capitalism 3.0, in response to global inflation in the late 60s and 70s, ushered in the free-market revolution of Thatcher and Reagan that drove forward until the recent financial crisis, catalysing the new emerging economic reality: Capitalism 4.0.

In all instances, Kaletsky identifies ‘the changing relationship between government and private enterprise, between political and economic forces, [as] the clearest feature of capitalism’s evolution from one phase to the next.’

He writes:

‘The dominant ideology from the 1980s until the 2007-09 crisis assumed that markets were always right and governments nearly always wrong. The previous phase of capitalism, from the 1930s until the 1970s, assumed that governments were always right and markets nearly always wrong. The most distinctive feature of capitalism’s next era will be a recognition that governments and markets can both be wrong and that sometimes their errors can be near fatal…

Capitalism 4.0 will recognise that governments and markets make mistakes not only because politicians are corrupt, bankers greedy, businessmen incompetent, and voters stupid, but also because the world is too complex and unpredictable for any decision-making mechanism to be consistently right, whether it is based on economic or political incentives. Experimentation and pragmatism must therefore become the watchwords in public policy, economics and business strategy … The ability to operate by trial and error, to correct mistakes before they do too much social harm, is the greatest virtue of the market system.’

Kilde: Blogartikel skrevet af Jasmin Crowther om bogen

— Capitalist Futures: Anatole Kaletsky - 'Capitalism 4.0'

http://www.shinesustainability.com/blogs/post/55693455457/capitalist-futures-anatole-kaletsky-capitalism

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Dette blogindlæg supplerer afsnittet ”Opsamling af den uddannelsespolitiske udvikling siden 1980érne”

i mit kapitel Hedegaard, E. (2017): "Uddannelsespolitik og globalisering - uddannelsesreformer i en usikker tidsalder"  

i bogen P. Ø Andersen & Tomas Ellegaard : "Klassisk og moderne pædagogisk teori". København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.

Se Overblik over alle blog-indlæg

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